DeepMTL2R: A Library for Deep Multi-task Learning to Rank

2026-02-16

AI Summary

This work addresses the challenge of heterogeneous and potentially conflicting relevance criteria in learning-to-rank tasks by proposing a Transformer-based multi-task ranking framework. Leveraging self-attention mechanisms to model long-range dependencies, the framework enables context-aware fusion of multi-source signals and achieves Pareto-optimal multi-objective optimization. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to integrate self-attention into multi-task ranking, and it further incorporates 21 state-of-the-art multi-task learning algorithms to establish a reproducible, multi-strategy benchmark platform. Extensive experiments on public datasets demonstrate competitive performance and effectively reveal the trade-offs among multiple objectives. The implementation code has been made publicly available.

Technology Category

• Machine Learning: Learning Preferences or Rankings
• Search and Optimization: Learning to Search
• Computer Vision: Multi-modal Vision

Application Category

• Search and Retrieval-Augmented AI: Web learning to rank, online learning, and counterfactual learning for ranking
• User Modeling, Personalization and Recommendation: Fairness-aware retrieval and ranking
• Graph Algorithms and Modeling for the Web: Algorithms and analysis for heterogeneous, signed, attributed, multi-relational, temporal, higher-order, and annotated Web-related graphs

Abstract

This paper presents DeepMTL2R, an open-source deep learning framework for Multi-task Learning to Rank (MTL2R), where multiple relevance criteria must be optimized simultaneously. DeepMTL2R integrates heterogeneous relevance signals into a unified, context-aware model by leveraging the self-attention mechanism of transformer architectures, enabling effective learning across diverse and potentially conflicting objectives. The framework includes 21 state-of-the-art multi-task learning algorithms and supports multi-objective optimization to identify Pareto-optimal ranking models. By capturing complex dependencies and long-range interactions among items and labels, DeepMTL2R provides a scalable and expressive solution for modern ranking systems and facilitates controlled comparisons across MTL strategies. We demonstrate its effectiveness on a publicly available dataset, report competitive performance, and visualize the resulting trade-offs among objectives. DeepMTL2R is available at \href{https://github.com/amazon-science/DeepMTL2R}{https://github.com/amazon-science/DeepMTL2R}.

Problem

• Multi-task Learning to Rank
• Relevance Criteria
• Multi-objective Optimization
• Ranking Systems

Innovation

• Multi-task Learning to Rank
• Transformer Self-attention
• Pareto-optimal Ranking
• Heterogeneous Relevance Signals
• Multi-objective Optimization