Decomposition-Guided Diffusion Language Models for Inertial Confinement Fusion Prediction

2026-09-07

AI Summary

研究通过ICF-DLM模型，利用分解指导的扩散语言模型方法预测惯性约束聚变波形，减少峰值时间误差，提高预测准确性。

Abstract

Inertial confinement fusion (ICF) is a leading pathway toward clean energy, but each shot at the National Ignition Facility costs on the order of one million dollars, making accurate AI surrogates a high-value target. We study exogenous-driven ICF waveform prediction, where a 512-step neutron-rate diagnostic must be inferred directly from a laser pulse and target design parameters, with no historical response observed. The regime stresses standard time-series predictors with temporal sparsity (picosecond peak in a nanosecond window), input-output scale mismatch (under 300 real shots), and peak sensitivity (picosecond timing). We propose ICF-DLM, to our knowledge the first LM-based ICF predictor, combining (i) a physics-typed decomposition into yield $Y_{DT}$, peak timing $t_{\mathrm{peak}}$, and local waveform $w_{\mathrm{local}}$; (ii) bidirectional denoising that defers commitment to peak location; and (iii) a physics-driven PPO reward re-injecting metric structure across numeric tokens. On ICFBench (50K simulations + 232 experimental shots), ICF-DLM cuts peak-timing error from 11.6 to 9.2 steps over a matched autoregressive LLaMA-3-8B and outperforms classical sequence models and LLM-based time-series predictors. Beyond ICF, the recipe shows potential to address science domains with low data and sparse events.

Problem

• Inertial Confinement Fusion
• Time-Series Prediction
• Temporal Sparsity
• Input-Output Scale Mismatch
• Peak Sensitivity

Innovation

• Decomposition-Guided
• Diffusion Language Models
• Inertial Confinement Fusion
• Physics-Typed Decomposition
• Bidirectional Denoising