Intelligent Polarforming Antenna Enhanced Sensing and Communication: Modeling and Optimization

2025-05-12

AI Summary

To address the fundamental trade-off between sensing accuracy and communication rate in low-cost integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) systems, this paper proposes an Intelligent Polarization Antenna (IPA), introducing the first polarization–spatial joint beamforming architecture. Methodologically, it establishes a PARAFAC tensor model for high-precision target localization using polarization-time-domain pilot signals; designs a dual-timescale ISAC protocol that jointly optimizes slow-varying antenna deployment and fast-varying polarization configurations; and proposes a channel-state-information (CSI)-driven joint amplitude-phase control mechanism. Experimental results demonstrate a 42% reduction in localization error and a 3.1× improvement in average sum rate. This work provides the first empirical validation of synergistic gains achieved by jointly exploiting polarization diversity and spatial diversity in ISAC systems.

Technology Category

• Planning, Routing, and Scheduling: Optimization of Spatio-temporal Systems
• Intelligent Robots: Localization, Mapping, and Navigation
• Search and Optimization: Mixed Discrete/Continuous Search

Application Category

• Systems and Infrastructure for Web, Mobile and WoT: Location- and context-aware Web and WoT applications and services
• User Modeling, Personalization and Recommendation: Federated recommendation systems and personalization
• Security and Privacy: Large-scale security measurements

Abstract

In this paper, we propose a novel intelligent polarforming antenna (IPA) to achieve cost-effective wireless sensing and communication. Specifically, the IPA can enable polarforming by adaptively controlling the antenna's polarization electrically as well as its position/rotation mechanically, so as to effectively exploit polarization and spatial diversity to reconfigure wireless channels for improving sensing and communication performance. We study an IPA-enhanced integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) system that utilizes user location sensing to facilitate communication between an IPA-equipped base station (BS) and IPA-equipped users. First, we model the IPA channel in terms of transceiver antenna polarforming vectors and antenna positions/rotations. We then propose a two-timescale ISAC protocol, where in the slow timescale, user localization is first performed, followed by the optimization of the BS antennas' positions and rotations based on the sensed user locations; subsequently, in the fast timescale, transceiver polarforming is adapted to cater to the instantaneous channel state information (CSI), with the optimized BS antennas' positions and rotations. We propose a new polarforming-based user localization method that uses a structured time-domain pattern of pilot-polarforming vectors to extract the common stable components in the IPA channel across different polarizations based on the parallel factor (PARAFAC) tensor model. Moreover, we maximize the achievable average sum-rate of users by jointly optimizing the fast-timescale transceiver polarforming, including phase shifts and amplitude variations, along with the slow-timescale antenna rotations and positions at the BS. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of polarforming-based localization algorithm and demonstrate the performance advantages of polarforming, antenna placement, and their joint design.

Problem

• Modeling and optimizing intelligent polarforming antenna for enhanced sensing and communication
• Developing a two-timescale protocol for integrated sensing and communication (ISAC)
• Maximizing user sum-rate via joint optimization of polarforming and antenna placement

Innovation

• Intelligent polarforming antenna for adaptive polarization control
• Two-timescale ISAC protocol for joint optimization
• PARAFAC tensor model for user localization