Problem
Research questions and friction points this paper is trying to address.
inter-satellite link
power allocation
battery-aware
LEO mega-constellations
energy sustainability
Hierarchical Battery-Aware Game Algorithm for ISL Power Allocation in LEO Mega-Constellations
🤖 AI Summary
This work addresses the energy crisis in inter-satellite links (ISLs) during eclipse periods in low Earth orbit mega-constellations, where intermittent power supply is exacerbated by existing approaches that neglect real-time battery states and whole-satellite power constraints. To overcome these limitations, the authors propose a Hierarchical Battery-Aware Game-theoretic algorithm (HBAG), which establishes a unified game-theoretic framework for ISL power allocation. HBAG employs distributed update rules to achieve a balance between equilibrium performance and scalability, seamlessly scaling from small to mega-constellations without algorithmic reconfiguration and provably converging to either variational or mean-field equilibria. Experiments on Starlink Shell A (172 satellites) demonstrate a 100% energy sustainability rate—87.4 percentage points higher than SATFLOW—with flow violation rates below 10%. The method scales linearly to 5,000 satellites and executes within 75 milliseconds per time slot.
📝 Abstract
Sustaining high inter-satellite link (ISL) throughput under intermittent solar harvesting is a fundamental challenge for LEO mega-constellations. Existing frameworks impose static power ceilings that ignore real-time battery state and comprehensive onboard power budgets, causing eclipse-period energy crises. Learning-based approaches capture battery dynamics but lack equilibrium guarantees and do not scale beyond small constellations. We propose the Hierarchical Battery-Aware Game (HBAG) algorithm, a unified game-theoretic framework for ISL power allocation that operates identically across finite and megaconstellation regimes. For finite constellations, HBAG converges to a unique variational equilibrium; as constellation size grows, the same distributed update rule converges to the mean field equilibrium without algorithm redesign. Comprehensive experiments on Starlink Shell A (172 satellites) show that HBAG achieves 100% energy sustainability rate (87.4 percentage points improvement over SATFLOW), eliminates eclipse-period battery depletion, maintains flow violation ratio below the 10% industry tolerance, and scales linearly to 5,000 satellites with less than 75 ms per-slot runtime.
Innovation
Methods, ideas, or system contributions that make the work stand out.
Hierarchical Battery-Aware Game
Inter-satellite Link Power Allocation
Mean Field Equilibrium
Energy Sustainability
LEO Mega-Constellations
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