Resource Reduction in Multiparty Quantum Secret Sharing of both Classical and Quantum Information under Noisy Scenario

2025-04-23

AI Summary

Practical deployment of multi-party quantum secret sharing (QSS) protocols is hindered by high qubit overhead and weak noise resilience—particularly against bit-flip, phase-flip, and amplitude-damping noise. Method: We propose a lightweight quantum error-correction scheme tailored to Zhang et al.’s 2005 QSS protocol, simplifying the Shor code to encode one logical qubit using only three physical qubits—reducing qubit consumption from nine to three—while preserving or even improving error-correction capability. The scheme incorporates explicit noise-channel modeling and is validated via numerical simulation under realistic noisy conditions. Contribution/Results: Our approach achieves significant average error-rate reduction across all three noise types. It maintains full compatibility with standard single-qubit QSS protocols and substantially enhances their feasibility on near-term, noisy quantum hardware.

Technology Category

• Machine Learning: Quantum Machine Learning
• Knowledge Representation and Reasoning: Qualitative Reasoning
• Multiagent Systems: Multiagent Systems under Uncertainty

Application Category

• Security and Privacy: Large-scale security measurements
• Economics, Online Markets and Human Computation: LLM based quality controls for crowd work
• Search and Retrieval-Augmented AI: Web evaluation methodologies and metrics

Abstract

Quantum secret sharing (QSS) enables secure distribution of information among multiple parties but remains vulnerable to noise. We analyze the effects of bit-flip, phase-flip, and amplitude damping noise on the multiparty QSS for classical message (QSSCM) and secret sharing of quantum information (SSQI) protocols proposed by Zhang et al. (Phys. Rev. A, 71:044301, 2005). To scale down these effects, we introduce an efficient quantum error correction (QEC) scheme based on a simplified version of Shor's code. Leveraging the specific structure of the QSS protocols, we reduce the qubit overhead from the standard 9 of Shor's code to as few as 3 while still achieving lower average error rates than existing QEC methods. Thus, our approach can also be adopted for other single-qubit-based quantum protocols. Simulations demonstrate that our approach significantly enhances the protocols' resilience, improving their practicality for real-world deployment.

Problem

• Analyzing noise effects on multiparty quantum secret sharing protocols
• Reducing qubit overhead in quantum error correction schemes
• Enhancing protocol resilience for real-world quantum applications

Innovation

• Simplified Shor's code reduces qubit overhead
• Achieves lower error rates with 3 qubits
• Enhances resilience for real-world QSS deployment