Problem
Research questions and friction points this paper is trying to address.
quantum proof systems
perfect completeness
one-message
two-message
Achieving perfect completeness for one- and two-message quantum proof systems
🤖 AI Summary
本文解决了在一、两消息量子证明系统中实现完美完整性的难题，通过构造特定矩阵和新转换方法达成目标。
📝 Abstract
While quantum interactive proof systems using at least three messages can achieve perfect completeness, as shown by Kitaev and Watrous (STOC 2000), whether perfect completeness is achievable for one- and two-message quantum proof systems has remained open. For the one-message case, whether $\sf QMA$ can achieve perfect completeness was posed as an open problem in Watrous (FOCS 2000) and Aharonov and Naveh (2002); for the two-message case, the corresponding problems were (implicitly) posed in Jain, Upadhyay, and Watrous~(FOCS 2009) and Kobayashi, Le Gall, and Nishimura (SICOMP, 2019).
In this work, we establish that ${\sf QIP}(2)$, ${\rm qq}\text{-}{\sf QAM}$, $\sf QAM$, and $\sf QMA$ can achieve perfect completeness. Here ${\rm qq}\text{-}{\sf QAM}$ denotes the class of promise problems admitting two-message quantum-public-coin quantum interactive proof systems in which the verifier's only message consists of half-EPR pairs. Our main technical contributions are the follows:
1. For $\sf QMA$ (and directly for $\sf QAM$), an exactly constructible block-encoded matrix whose kernel certifies yes instances, constructed from the acceptance operator induced by the verification circuit.
2. For ${\sf QIP}(2)$ (and implicitly ${\rm qq}\text{-}{\sf QAM}$), a new turn-halving transformation that preserves completeness and ensures that the resulting proof system retains at least two messages, provided that the terminal state before the final measurement is efficiently preparable.
Innovation
Methods, ideas, or system contributions that make the work stand out.
perfect completeness
block-encoded matrix
turn-halving transformation
quantum proof systems
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