Space-time Peer-to-Peer Distribution of Multi-party Entanglement for Any Quantum Network

2024-12-19

arXiv.org

AI Summary

To address the challenge of robust and efficient graph-state (including Bell-pair) distribution over arbitrary topologies in large-scale quantum networks, this paper proposes the spacetime-coordinated Peer-to-Peer Graph-State Distribution (P2PGSD) protocol. Methodologically, it introduces the first spacetime-aware quantum network framework to guide quantum memory management; establishes a general mathematical model for graph-state distribution and proves the NP-hardness of multiple resource-optimization problems, thereby characterizing the optimality limits of existing algorithms; and integrates graph-theoretic optimization, distributed protocol design, and relativity-inspired symmetric memory scheduling. Numerical evaluations demonstrate that P2PGSD reduces resource overhead by up to 50% for sparse graph states, significantly enhancing scalability and resource efficiency. These contributions provide a foundational protocol enabling practical, large-scale quantum networking.

Technology Category

• Constraint Satisfaction and Optimization: Distributed CSP/Optimization
• Search and Optimization: Distributed Search
• Planning, Routing, and Scheduling: Optimization of Spatio-temporal Systems

Application Category

• Graph Algorithms and Modeling for the Web: Efficient manipulation of static and dynamic Web-related graphs
• Security and Privacy: Large-scale security measurements
• Systems and Infrastructure for Web, Mobile and WoT: Virtualization and resource management in Web systems and infrastructures

Abstract

Graph states are a class of important multiparty entangled states, of which bell pairs are the special case. Realizing a robust and fast distribution of arbitrary graph states in the downstream layer of the quantum network can be essential for further large-scale quantum networks. We propose a novel quantum network protocol called P2PGSD inspired by the classical Peer-to-Peer (P2P) network to efficiently implement the general graph state distribution in the network layer, which demonstrates advantages in resource efficiency and scalability over existing methods for sparse graph states. An explicit mathematical model for a general graph state distribution problem has also been constructed, above which the intractability for a wide class of resource minimization problems is proved and the optimality of the existing algorithms is discussed. In addition, we leverage the spacetime quantum network inspired by the symmetry from relativity for memory management in network problems and used it to improve our proposed algorithm. The advantages of our protocols are confirmed by numerical simulations showing an improvement of up to 50% for general sparse graph states, paving the way for a resource-efficient multiparty entanglement distribution across any network topology.

Problem

• Efficient distribution of arbitrary graph states in quantum networks
• Resource optimization for multiparty entanglement distribution
• Scalable protocol for sparse graph state distribution

Innovation

• P2P-inspired quantum network protocol
• Spacetime quantum network for memory
• Mathematical model for graph distribution