🤖 AI Summary
This work addresses the modeling challenge of hybrid electromagnetic systems comprising multiple scatterers and antennas. We propose a unified generalized scattering matrix (GS-matrix) synthesis method based on the vector spherical wave function addition theorem. The approach enables efficient, purely matrix-based coupling of individual components’ local GS-matrices—without field-level integrals or iterative solvers. We establish, for the first time, a general GS-matrix domain decomposition theory applicable to arbitrary antenna–scattering hybrid systems, subsuming classical multi-scattering and antenna array models as special cases. The formulation inherently accommodates dynamic geometric transformations, such as structural rotations. Comprehensive validation across diverse scenarios confirms high accuracy and broad compatibility with various component types and configurations. The method significantly enhances modeling efficiency and flexibility for complex electromagnetic systems, enabling rapid, scalable, and physics-preserving analysis of integrated antenna–scattering architectures.
📝 Abstract
This paper presents a unified formulation for calculating the generalized scattering matrix (GS-matrix) of hybrid systems involving multiple scatterers and antennas. The GS-matrix of the entire system is synthesized through the scattering matrices and GS-matrices of each independent component, using the addition theorem of vector spherical wavefunctions and fully matrix-based operations. Since our formulation is applicable to general antenna-scatterer hybrid systems, previous formulas for multiple scattering and antenna arrays become special cases of our approach. This also establishes our formulation as a universal domain decomposition method for analyzing the electromagnetic performance of hybrid systems. We provide numerous numerical examples to comprehensively demonstrate the capabilities and compatibility of the proposed formulation, including its potential application in studying the effects of structural rotation.