Measured-Pattern-Aware Pinching-Antenna Systems With Coupling-Efficiency Optimization

2026-06-24

AI Summary

This work addresses the common oversight in existing clamp-fed antenna system designs, which often neglect the impact of measured radiation patterns and waveguide power extraction dynamics on coupling efficiency, leading to inaccurate modeling. To resolve this, the study proposes a unified optimization framework that, for the first time, incorporates empirically measured radiation patterns into the system design process. By jointly accounting for waveguide attenuation and coupling-dependent power extraction, the framework establishes phase-matched placement rules and coupling efficiency optimization strategies tailored to both single- and multi-antenna scenarios. Furthermore, it derives a closed-form power distribution architecture under independently controllable coupling conditions. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the proposed approach significantly enhances system performance, thereby validating the critical importance of integrating radiation-pattern-aware antenna placement with coordinated coupling efficiency optimization.

Abstract

Pinching-antenna (PA) systems have been widely investigated as a flexible architecture for waveguide-enabled wireless transmission. Existing analytical models, however, often rely on isotropic radiation assumptions and simplified couplingefficiency settings, which may overlook two practical design factors: the geometry-dependent radiation pattern of each PA and the sequential extraction of guided power along the waveguide. In this paper, we propose a measured-radiation-pattern-aware PA framework that incorporates an externally obtained radiation pattern, waveguide attenuation, and coupling-dependent power extraction. For a single PA, the resulting placement rule balances directional gain, waveguide loss, and free-space path loss, leading to a coupling-efficiency threshold for outperforming a fixed isotropic antenna. For multiple PAs, we study phase-matched placement and coupling-efficiency design under both uniform and independently controllable coupling. The uniform-coupling case yields a one-dimensional optimality condition and reveals that the preferred coupling efficiency decreases as more phasematched PAs participate in coherent combining. The independently controllable case admits a closed-form power-allocation structure, where stronger effective directional channels receive larger radiated power fractions. Numerical results based on a representative measured PA radiation pattern demonstrate the importance of jointly accounting for measured-radiation-patternaware placement and coupling-efficiency optimization.

Problem

• Pinching-antenna
• radiation pattern
• coupling efficiency
• waveguide
• wireless transmission

Innovation

• measured radiation pattern
• pinching antenna
• coupling efficiency optimization
• phase-matched placement
• coherent combining