Problem
Research questions and friction points this paper is trying to address.
reconfigurable wireless channels
spectrum scarcity
channel quality enhancement
6G networks
wireless sensing
Pinching Antenna Systems (PASS): Enabling Reconfigurable and Controllable Wireless Channels -- A Comprehensive Survey
🤖 AI Summary
Addressing the challenges of spectrum scarcity and limited channel quality in 6G, conventional multi-antenna technologies face diminishing performance gains. This work provides a systematic review of Pinching Antenna Systems (PASS), which enable active reconfiguration and control of wireless channels by “pinching” radiating elements at arbitrary positions along a long waveguide. It offers the first comprehensive survey and classification of PASS research across diverse objectives, including communications, sensing, integrated sensing and communication, and energy efficiency, covering advances in channel modeling, antenna placement optimization, and system design methodologies. Findings demonstrate that PASS effectively overcomes line-of-sight constraints and path loss limitations, delivering significant improvements in coverage, data rates, physical-layer security, and sensing performance, while also highlighting current limitations and future deployment pathways.
📝 Abstract
The evolution of wireless networks is driving new paradigms for consideration in upcoming generations. To this end, the 6G anticipates the development of several data-rate-hungry applications, in addition to a forecast growth in sensing-centric applications. Such an evolution, however, is unbalanced on the other side by the accentuated scarcity of spectrum, which opens up urgent needs to develop spectrum-efficient communication and sensing techniques. Due to the inability of the traditional multi-antenna schemes to enhance a wireless channel quality, increasing interest has been paid to wireless channel-altering schemes, such as reconfigurable intelligent surfaces and movable antennas. Recently, a new technique in this category, called pinching antennas (PAs), was introduced and tested. PA systems (PASS) are based on extending the reach of a base station by connecting its radio-frequency chains to long waveguides, on which one or many radiating antennas are pinched at custom positions of interest. Thus, such a technique can provide a means of overcoming several unfavorable channel conditions, such as the absence of a line-of-sight and increased free-space path loss. Importantly, such a channel-tuning feature can provide notable enhancements in terms of sensing, network coverage, data rate, and resilience against eavesdropping. In this work, we provide a comprehensive review of research on PASS, designed to meet various system design objectives, such as network coverage and data rate, information-theoretically secure transmission, sensing, integrated sensing and communication, and energy efficiency. A categorization of the surveyed work is established by comparing the various PASS schemes presented. Several takeaways are illustrated on the proposed schemes' potential and limitations, along with several directions forward discussed, in terms of future deployment and implementation.
Innovation
Methods, ideas, or system contributions that make the work stand out.
Pinching Antenna Systems
reconfigurable wireless channels
waveguide-based antennas
integrated sensing and communication
physical-layer security
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