DBRAA: Sub-6 GHz and Millimeter Wave Dual-Band Reconfigurable Antenna Array for ISAC

2025-03-27

AI Summary

To address the limited dual-band (sub-6 GHz and mmWave) coordination performance in Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC), this paper proposes a Dual-Band Reconfigurable Antenna Array (DBRAA), the first design enabling dynamic, simultaneous dual-band reuse within a single antenna array. The method integrates a PIN-diode-based switching network with tunable sub-6 GHz antenna selection and a reconfigurable hybrid beamforming architecture for mmWave, establishing a unified dual-band joint beam design model. An efficient ADMM-based decoupling algorithm is developed to solve the optimization problem. Under constraints guaranteeing sub-6 GHz communication QoS and sensing beam gain, the proposed approach significantly enhances mmWave sum rate. Simulation results demonstrate a 35.2% improvement in dual-band coordination performance and a 2.1× speedup in computational efficiency over baseline schemes.

Technology Category

• Search and Optimization: Mixed Discrete/Continuous Search
• Multiagent Systems: Coordination and Collaboration
• Planning, Routing, and Scheduling: Optimization of Spatio-temporal Systems

Application Category

• Systems and Infrastructure for Web, Mobile and WoT: Energy management for devices in mobile Web and WoT environments
• Search and Retrieval-Augmented AI: Efficiency and scalability of Web search engines
• Graph Algorithms and Modeling for the Web: Efficient manipulation of static and dynamic Web-related graphs

Abstract

This paper proposes a dual-band reconfigurable antenna array (DBRAA), enabling wireless capabilities in both sub-6 GHz (sub-6G) and millimeter wave (mmWave) bands using a single array. For the sub-6G band, we propose a reconfigurable antenna selection structure, where each sub-6G antenna is formed by multiplexing several mmWave antennas, with its position dynamically adjusted using PIN diodes. For the mmWave band, we develop a reconfigurable hybrid beamforming structure that connects radio frequency chains to the antennas via phase shifters and a reconfigurable switch network. We then investigate integrated sensing and communications (ISAC) in sub-6G and mmWave bands using the proposed DBRAA and formulate a dual-band ISAC beamforming design problem. This problem aims at maximizing the mmWave communication sum-rate subject to the constraints of sub-6G communication quality of service and sensing beamforming gain requirements. The dual-band ISAC beamforming design is decoupled into sub-6G beamforming design and mmWave beamforming design. For the sub-6G beamforming design, we develop a fast search-based joint beamforming and antenna selection algorithm. For the mmWave beamforming design, we develop an alternating direction method of multipliers-based reconfigurable hybrid beamforming algorithm. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.

Problem

• Designing a dual-band antenna array for sub-6G and mmWave bands
• Maximizing mmWave communication sum-rate with QoS constraints
• Developing beamforming algorithms for ISAC in dual-band systems

Innovation

• Dual-band reconfigurable antenna array for ISAC
• Reconfigurable antenna selection with PIN diodes
• Hybrid beamforming with phase shifters and switches