AraRACH: Enhancing NextG Random Access Reliability in Programmable Wireless Living Labs

2025-03-23

AI Summary

This work addresses the short coverage range and low reliability of random access (RA) in large-scale 5G/6G wireless living labs—particularly under realistic outdoor conditions involving co-tuning of software-defined radios (SDRs) and RF front-ends (power amplifiers/low-noise amplifiers). We propose a full downlink/uplink (DL/UL) slot RA mechanism that eliminates conventional special subframe designs. Implemented for the first time on the open-source OpenAirInterface (OAI) + USRP platform, it supports OFDM symbol-level retransmission of RA messages Msg2 and Msg3, along with channel-adaptive parameter configuration. Experimental results demonstrate a maximum reliable RA distance of 1.6 km (1 mile)—the longest achieved to date by any open-source 5G protocol stack in real-world deployments. In highly obstructed industrial environments, RA success rates remain stable at 90–100%, significantly outperforming baseline approaches. These contributions advance robust initial access for open, programmable radio access networks.

Technology Category

• Planning, Routing, and Scheduling: Scheduling under Uncertainty
• Application Domains: Mobility, Driving & Flight
• Multiagent Systems: Agent Communication

Application Category

• Search and Retrieval-Augmented AI: Ad search and search for Web retail
• Security and Privacy: Large-scale security measurements
• Systems and Infrastructure for Web, Mobile and WoT: Energy management for devices in mobile Web and WoT environments

Abstract

The rapid evolution of wireless technologies has intensified interest in open and fully programmable radio access networks for whole-stack research, innovation, and evaluation of emerging solutions. Large-scale wireless living labs, such as ARA, equipped with real-world infrastructure play a vital role in this evolution by enabling researchers to prototype and evaluate advanced algorithms for next-generation wireless systems in outdoor and over-the-air environments benefiting from real-world fidelity and end-to-end programmability. However, at the core of this innovation is the performance in terms of coverage and reliability of these wireless living labs. For instance, interfacing power amplifiers and low noise amplifiers with software-defined radios (SDRs) for experimenting outdoors introduces issues in random access procedure-a process crucial in establishing connectivity between user equipment (UE) and the core network in 5G and 6G systems. Therefore, to ensure seamless connectivity and reliable communications in open-source 5G software stacks such as OpenAirInterface (OAI), we propose a slot-based approach to the 5G random access procedure leveraging full downlink (DL) and uplink (UL) slots instead of using special or mixed slots. We highlight how this approach achieves reliable 5G connectivity over 1 mile-the longest communication range that has been achieved so far in real-world settings using open-source 5G software stacks and the Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) SDRs. We also demonstrate that, in a highly obstructed environment such as an industrial setting, we can increase the probability of a successful random access procedure to 90%-100% when we use at least 9 OFDM symbols to transmit msg2 and msg3.

Problem

• Enhancing random access reliability in programmable wireless living labs
• Addressing connectivity issues in outdoor 5G/6G systems with SDRs
• Improving success rate of random access in obstructed environments

Innovation

• Slot-based 5G random access procedure
• Full downlink and uplink slots utilization
• Enhanced reliability in obstructed environments