Architecture and Compilation Co-Design for High-Rate Quantum Product Codes on Neutral Atom Arrays

2026-08-20

AI Summary

研究针对量子纠错编码的物理执行计划难题，提出ONEX框架，通过将2D问题分解为1D子问题并优化求解，提高中性原子阵列上量子LDPC码的执行效率。

Abstract

Achieving fault-tolerant quantum computing at a practical scale demands quantum error correction (QEC) codes with high encoding rates. Quantum low-density parity-check (qLDPC) codes emerge as a promising candidate, especially given the rise of neutral atom arrays that provide dynamic long-range connectivity via atom movements. In general, synthesizing valid and efficient physical execution plans for QEC is a provably hard combinatorial problem, forming a critical compilation bottleneck that worsens as code sizes grow. To overcome this complexity, we focus on an important product family of qLDPC codes with dimension-reduction properties, and propose ONEX. This framework decomposes complex 2D physical execution planning into independent 1D subproblems, each solved to optimal execution depth within practical compilation time. First, we formulate the 1D execution plan with an explicit satisfiability modulo theories (SMT) encoding. This protocol produces provably depth-optimal solutions with substantial duration reduction. Second, we develop a multi-stage compilation pipeline featuring anytime optimization, movement compaction, and iterative feedback. This pipeline maintains practical wall-clock times while providing progressive refinement and on-demand retrieval of quality solutions. Third, we evaluate ONEX in the application of hypergraph product (HGP) code memory mapped onto neutral atom arrays, achieving 3.7x to 6.1x and 29.8x to 42.1x higher clock rates than the constructive 1D algorithm and the general 2D compiler, respectively, while scaling efficiently to codes with 2,500 data qubits. Finally, we extend ONEX to zoned layouts, revealing architectural insights into the associated trade-offs, and demonstrate its applicability to the broader lifted-product (LP) code family through a representative example.

Problem

• Quantum Error Correction
• Neutral Atom Arrays
• Physical Execution Planning
• qLDPC Codes
• Compilation Bottleneck

Innovation

• ONEX
• quantum low-density parity-check (qLDPC) codes
• neutral atom arrays
• satisfiability modulo theories (SMT)
• multi-stage compilation pipeline