Algorithm-Hardware Co-Design of a Lightweight PCG Equalizer with a Fixed Step Size for Massive MIMO

2026-09-01

AI Summary

为解决大规模MIMO系统中粗量化导致的信号失真问题，提出了一种基于固定步长的轻量级PCG均衡器硬件友好的单步校正方法。

Abstract

Coarse quantization in massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems reduces power but causes clipping distortions. The Bayesian Expectation-Maximization (BEM) algorithm can recover clipped signals, but its matrix inversion and dynamic step-size evaluation are hardware bottlenecks. We propose a hardware-friendly one-step correction that uses the initial Jacobi-preconditioned Conjugate Gradient (PCG) direction with a fixed relaxation parameter. The resulting symbol-level update has an ultra-lightweight $\mathcal{O}(U)$ feed-forward datapath and approaches high-resolution reference detectors in the evaluated massive-MIMO setting. Our finite-dimensional analysis establishes the exact one-step descent law, proves that Jacobi normalization cancels the raw multiplicative near-far scaling while confining the loaded-system dependence to bounded attenuation factors, and gives verifiable sufficient conditions for fixed-step descent in terms of normalized channel coherence. System-level results indicate projected power savings for energy-efficient massive MIMO uplinks.

Problem

• massive MIMO
• coarse quantization
• clipping distortion
• Bayesian Expectation-Maximization (BEM)

Innovation

• Hardware-friendly one-step correction
• Jacobi-preconditioned Conjugate Gradient (PCG)
• Fixed relaxation parameter
• Ultra-lightweight feed-forward datapath
• Massive MIMO