Benchmarking the computational power of quantum computers

2026-09-10

AI Summary

本文提出了一种新的基准QUOPS，用于直接跨平台测量量子计算机执行最大相关电路的能力及其速度，以评估不同量子处理器的计算能力。

Abstract

Quantum computing hardware is advancing rapidly toward utility-scale machines that will enable scientific breakthroughs. Many teams are pursuing distinct and difficult-to-compare routes to this goal, using different qubit technologies and logical architectures. Tracking progress toward quantum utility therefore requires rigorous benchmarks that measure computational capability relative to utility-scale challenge problems and enable fair comparison across disparate platforms. Here we demonstrate direct, cross-platform measurement of quantum computational capability using a new benchmark that quantifies the size of the largest computationally relevant quantum circuits that a machine can execute successfully and the speed at which it can execute them. We apply this quantum universal operation performance system (QUOPS) experimentally to leading processors from Quantinuum, Google, and IBM, computing directly on physical qubits. Translating state-of-the-art resource requirements for recognized challenge problems that represent useful quantum computation into effective QUOPS circuit sizes shows that computational capability must grow by 5 orders of magnitude, motivating fault-tolerant approaches. We use the same benchmark to assess the performance of a simple fault-tolerant logical-qubit processor implemented on up to eight [[7,1,3]]-encoded logical qubits using Quantinuum Helios-1, and project the growth of capability across successive generations of fault-tolerant quantum computers to show how QUOPS can track progress toward quantum scientific utility.

Problem

• quantum computing
• benchmarking
• computational capability
• cross-platform comparison
• utility-scale

Innovation

• QUOPS
• quantum benchmarking
• cross-platform measurement
• fault-tolerant quantum computing