Dynamic and Static Energy Efficient Design of Pinching Antenna Systems

2025-11-11

AI Summary

This paper addresses energy efficiency (EE) optimization in Pattern-Agile Steerable Antenna Systems (PASS). We propose a novel paradigm that jointly optimizes tunable coupling strength and physical antenna element positions—eliminating the need for explicit power allocation. To handle heterogeneous user mobility, we design a hybrid dynamic–static algorithm: antenna positions are updated at high frequency to track rapid user movement, while coupling configurations are optimized at low frequency to minimize signaling overhead. A unified modeling framework jointly characterizing transmit power, coupling coefficients, and antenna positions is established. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach significantly improves system EE over conventional fixed-architecture designs. The work validates the effectiveness and practicality of “physical-layer reconfigurability” for EE optimization and provides a new design perspective for low-power, large-scale MIMO front-ends.

Technology Category

• Search and Optimization: Algorithm Configuration
• Planning, Routing, and Scheduling: Optimization of Spatio-temporal Systems
• Machine Learning: Optimization

Application Category

• Systems and Infrastructure for Web, Mobile and WoT: Energy management for devices in mobile Web and WoT environments
• Graph Algorithms and Modeling for the Web: Efficient manipulation of static and dynamic Web-related graphs
• User Modeling, Personalization and Recommendation: On-Device user modeling, personalization, and recommendation

Abstract

We study the energy efficiency of pinching-antenna systems (PASSs) by developing a consistent formulation for power distribution in these systems. The per-antenna power distribution in PASSs is not controlled explicitly by a power allocation policy, but rather implicitly through tuning of pinching couplings and locations. Both these factors are tunable: (i) pinching locations are tuned using movable elements, and (ii) couplings can be tuned by varying the effective coupling length of the pinching elements. While the former is feasible to be addressed dynamically in settings with low user mobility, the latter cannot be addressed at a high rate. We thus develop a class of hybrid dynamic-static algorithms, which maximize the energy efficiency by updating the system parameters at different rates. Our experimental results depict that dynamic tuning of pinching locations can significantly boost energy efficiency of PASSs.

Problem

• Developing power distribution formulation for pinching antenna systems
• Optimizing energy efficiency through tunable couplings and locations
• Creating hybrid dynamic-static algorithms for parameter optimization

Innovation

• Dynamic tuning of pinching locations with movable elements
• Static adjustment of couplings via effective length variation
• Hybrid algorithms updating parameters at different rates