A Compilation Framework for Quantum Circuits with Mid-Circuit Measurement Error Awareness

2025-11-14

AI Summary

Existing quantum circuit compilers (e.g., Qiskit, QR-Map) neglect measurement-induced qubit dependencies—such as measurement crosstalk, idle decoherence, and reset infidelity—when compiling dynamic circuits with mid-circuit measurements (MCMs), leading to substantial fidelity degradation on hardware. This work introduces MERA, the first compiler framework that systematically models and lightweightly characterizes per-qubit MCM error distributions within a single device. MERA integrates error-aware qubit placement and routing, latest-measurement scheduling, and context-adaptive dynamic decoupling to jointly suppress multi-source measurement-related errors. Evaluated on 27 benchmark circuits, MERA achieves average fidelity improvements of 24.94%–52.00% over Qiskit and 29.26% over QR-Map, with a maximum gain of 122.58%.

Technology Category

• Machine Learning: Quantum Machine Learning
• Planning, Routing, and Scheduling: Scheduling under Uncertainty
• Search and Optimization: Metareasoning and Metaheuristics

Application Category

• Security and Privacy: Large-scale security measurements
• Search and Retrieval-Augmented AI: Web evaluation methodologies and metrics
• Graph Algorithms and Modeling for the Web: Efficient manipulation of static and dynamic Web-related graphs

Abstract

Mid-circuit measurement (MCM) provides the capability for qubit reuse and dynamic control in quantum processors, enabling more resource-efficient algorithms and supporting error-correction procedures. However, MCM introduces several sources of error, including measurement-induced crosstalk, idling-qubit decoherence, and reset infidelity, and these errors exhibit pronounced qubit-dependent variability within a single device. Since existing compilers such as the Qiskit-compiler and QR-Map (the state-of-art qubit reuse compiler) do not account for this variability, circuits with frequent MCM operations often experience substantial fidelity loss. In thie paper, we propose MERA, a compilation framework that performs MCM-error-aware layout, routing, and scheduling. MERA leverages lightweight profiling to obtain a stable per-qubit MCM error distribution, which it uses to guide error-aware qubit mapping and SWAP insertions. To further mitigate MCM-related decoherence and crosstalk, MERA augments as-late-as-possible scheduling with context-aware dynamic decoupling. Evaluated on 27 benchmark circuits, MERA achieves 24.94% -- 52.00% fidelity improvement over the Qiskit compiler (optimization level 3) without introducing additional overhead. On QR-Map-generated circuits, it improves fidelity by 29.26% on average and up to 122.58% in the best case, demonstrating its effectiveness for dynamic circuits dominated by MCM operations.

Problem

• Addresses qubit-dependent mid-circuit measurement error variability
• Mitigates measurement-induced crosstalk and idling-qubit decoherence
• Improves quantum circuit fidelity through error-aware compilation

Innovation

• MERA framework enables MCM-error-aware layout and routing
• Lightweight profiling guides error-aware qubit mapping and SWAPs
• Context-aware dynamic decoupling mitigates decoherence and crosstalk