Dual-Scale Antenna Deployment for Pinching Antenna Systems

2025-10-31

AI Summary

To address the coupled challenge of antenna deployment and energy efficiency optimization in Passive Antenna Switching Systems (PASS), this paper proposes a dual-scale coordinated deployment framework: coarse-grained deployment at the waveguide level and fine-grained micrometer-level tuning, jointly optimizing transmit precoding, radiated power, and antenna positions. We innovatively design four deployment protocols, establish a refined power consumption model, and derive a closed-form energy efficiency (EE) expression. For the resulting non-convex, strongly coupled optimization problem, we propose a low-complexity alternating optimization algorithm incorporating penalty terms. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme improves EE by approximately 70% over conventional cell-free architectures and nearly doubles EE compared to typical MIMO systems, significantly enhancing both energy efficiency and deployment flexibility in large-scale reconfigurable antenna systems.

Technology Category

• Planning, Routing, and Scheduling: Optimization of Spatio-temporal Systems
• Search and Optimization: Algorithm Configuration
• Multiagent Systems: Coordination and Collaboration

Application Category

• Systems and Infrastructure for Web, Mobile and WoT: Energy management for devices in mobile Web and WoT environments
• Search and Retrieval-Augmented AI: Efficiency and scalability of Web search engines
• User Modeling, Personalization and Recommendation: On-Device user modeling, personalization, and recommendation

Abstract

A dual-scale deployment (DSD) framework for pinching antenna systems (PASS) is proposed. 1) In the first coarse stage, the pinching antenna (PA) is transferred over a large-scale range at the waveguide level. 2) The refinement stage performs small-scale relocation of the PA with high precision. Four PA deployment protocols are provided in the proposed DSD framework. Then, a practical power consumption model is proposed, based on which the theoretical energy efficiency formulas for PASS are derived. The transmit precoding, PA radiation power, and PA deployment are jointly optimized to maximize the energy efficiency under the provided PA deployment protocols. To solve this non-convex, highly coupled problem, a low-complexity penalty-based alternating optimization algorithm is proposed. Simulation results validate the accuracy of theoretical results and the convergence of the proposed algorithm. It is demonstrated that: 1) PASS delivers about 70% higher energy efficiency than the conventional cell-free architecture and nearly twofold improvement relative to MIMO systems; 2) it is essential to specify the DSD resolution and deployment protocol to achieve the maximum energy efficiency for PASS.

Problem

• Proposes dual-scale deployment for pinching antenna systems
• Optimizes antenna deployment and precoding for energy efficiency
• Develops algorithm to solve non-convex optimization problem

Innovation

• Dual-scale deployment framework for antenna systems
• Penalty-based alternating optimization algorithm
• Joint optimization of precoding and deployment