AGMARL-DKS: An Adaptive Graph-Enhanced Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning for Dynamic Kubernetes Scheduling
This work proposes a collaborative multi-agent reinforcement learning–based scheduling framework to address the limitations of existing Kubernetes schedulers in large-scale heterogeneous clusters, particularly regarding scalability, dynamic multi-objective optimization, and stress awareness. The approach models each node as an agent and employs a centralized training with decentralized execution paradigm, leveraging graph neural networks to construct a decentralized yet globally informed state representation. A stress-aware lexicographic policy is designed to dynamically prioritize and balance competing objectives. Experimental evaluation on Google Kubernetes Engine demonstrates that the proposed scheduler significantly outperforms the default Kubernetes scheduler, achieving superior resource utilization, fault tolerance, and cost efficiency—especially under mixed workloads comprising both batch and latency-sensitive critical tasks.