Construction of Historical Knowledge Graphs Based on BERT and Graph Neural Networks
This study addresses the challenges of entity and relation extraction from historical texts, where linguistic ambiguity, vague anaphora, and non-standard syntax impede accurate information retrieval. To tackle these issues, the authors propose a joint model that integrates BERT with graph neural networks (GNNs), leveraging context-sensitive semantic representations alongside relational graph learning. This approach effectively handles nested structures and implicit coreference, enabling the automatic construction of knowledge graphs from diverse unstructured historical sources such as municipal archives, parliamentary records, and historical correspondence. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system significantly outperforms both traditional rule-based methods and existing deep learning baselines in terms of Precision, Recall, and F1-score, thereby substantially improving the accuracy and completeness of historical knowledge graphs.