Semantic-aware Random Convolution and Source Matching for Domain Generalization in Medical Image Segmentation
This paper addresses single-source domain generalization (SSDG) for medical image segmentation—i.e., training a model on a single source domain (e.g., CT) and achieving robust cross-modal (e.g., to MR), multi-center, and multi-cardiac-phase segmentation without access to target-domain data or fine-tuning. We propose Semantic-Aware Random Convolution (SARConv), which applies anatomy-guided, label-aware augmentation to source images, and a source-domain matching intensity mapping strategy that adaptively calibrates target-domain intensity distributions during inference. Integrated into mainstream segmentation architectures, these components jointly mitigate semantic and distributional shifts between domains. Evaluated on multiple cross-modal benchmarks, our method achieves state-of-the-art performance, with segmentation accuracy in certain scenarios approaching that of in-domain supervised baselines—establishing a new benchmark for SSDG in medical image segmentation.