Interaction-Driven Browsing: A Human-in-the-Loop Conceptual Framework Informed by Human Web Browsing for Browser-Using Agents
Existing browser user agents (BUAs) operate in a single-step, instruction-driven manner, rendering them inadequate for complex, nonlinear browsing tasks involving ambiguous user goals, iterative decision-making, and dynamically evolving contextual information. Method: This paper proposes a human–computer collaborative browser agent framework inspired by theories of human browsing behavior. It establishes an “action–feedback–reasoning” closed-loop architecture that explicitly distinguishes exploratory from exploitative actions, enabling progressive navigation and real-time policy adaptation. Crucially, it systematically integrates cognitive behavioral models into agent design and adopts a human-in-the-loop (HITL) architecture to support interaction-driven browsing. Contribution/Results: Evaluated across diverse hypothetical use cases, the framework significantly reduces both user operational and cognitive load while enhancing process controllability and robustness in goal achievement. It advances browser agents from passive command executors toward proactive, adaptive collaborators.