Derail Yourself: Multi-turn LLM Jailbreak Attack through Self-discovered Clues
This paper identifies a novel security vulnerability in large language models (LLMs): in multi-turn dialogues, LLMs exhibit heightened sensitivity to “natural distribution shifts”—semantically related yet superficially benign prompts—that evade existing alignment mechanisms. To exploit this, we propose ActorAttack, the first multi-turn jailbreaking framework grounded in actor-network theory; it leverages LLM-driven role-association modeling to automatically discover covert, diverse attack paths while preserving intent invisibility. Our contributions are threefold: (1) we introduce SafeMTData, the first open-source multi-turn adversarial dataset; (2) ActorAttack significantly outperforms state-of-the-art single- and multi-turn baselines across aligned models including GPT-4o, Claude, and Qwen; and (3) fine-tuning on SafeMTData substantially enhances model robustness against multi-turn attacks.