Annotated History of Modern AI and Deep Learning
This paper addresses the fragmentation of AI historiography, the obscuration of neural networks’ intellectual origins, and the marginalization of cybernetics in mainstream narratives. It proposes a unified historical reconstruction framework centered on the concept of “credit assignment.” Through rigorous historical document analysis, interdisciplinary knowledge graph construction, and scholarly provenance tracing, the study systematically traces the mathematical and technical lineage—from the 17th-century chain rule and 19th-century linear regression to the first implementation of deep learning in 1965—thereby correcting widespread textbook misconceptions and reaffirming cybernetics’ foundational role in modern AI. The resulting contribution is the most comprehensive chronology of deep learning to date (as of 2022), documenting over one hundred pivotal events, rigorously attributing original contributions, and embedding hundreds of hyperlinked authoritative sources. This chronology has been published as a core chapter in an academic monograph on AI.