Learning to Forecast Crop Growth from Earth Observation Data
This study addresses trajectory distortion in national-scale crop growth prediction caused by sparse observations. We propose a lightweight unimodal shape-regularized Seq2Seq model that integrates Sentinel-2 remote sensing time series with meteorological drivers, embedding biological priors into a deep learning framework to effectively constrain curve morphology under sparse supervision. Experimental results demonstrate that the model predicts winter wheat LAI trajectories with an R² exceeding 0.8, significantly outperforming conventional methods. This approach achieves high-precision retrieval of growth dynamics consistent with agronomic principles, validating the effectiveness of multi-source data-driven sequence modeling for landscape-scale crop monitoring.