TRCGL-Net: A Long-Tailed Multi-Label Chest X-Ray Classification Framework with Generative Data Augmentation and Label Co-Occurrence Modeling
This work addresses the performance degradation in rare disease recognition caused by extreme long-tailed distributions in multi-label chest X-ray classification. To mitigate this challenge, the authors propose a novel framework that synergistically integrates text-guided generation with structured modeling. Specifically, a text-conditioned diffusion model synthesizes semantically consistent samples for tail classes, while channel re-weighting and a class-aware attention mechanism enhance lesion-related features. Furthermore, a label co-occurrence–based graph convolutional network facilitates inter-class information propagation. This approach represents the first unified integration of generative augmentation, feature recalibration, and graph-structured modeling to effectively alleviate class imbalance. Evaluated on the PadChest dataset, the method achieves a mean average precision (mAP) of 0.4904 on tail classes, an overall mAP of 0.4408, and a mean area under the ROC curve (mAUC) of 0.8989, outperforming current state-of-the-art methods.