A Steered Response Power Method for Sound Source Localization With Generic Acoustic Models
Traditional SRP methods rely on idealized assumptions—including far-field propagation, omnidirectional sources, and spatially uncorrelated noise—leading to significant degradation in localization accuracy under realistic acoustic conditions. To address this, we propose a generalized SRP beamforming framework grounded in a comprehensive acoustic model. Our approach is the first to explicitly incorporate measured acoustic transfer functions, source/microphone directivity patterns, and acoustic shadowing effects into the SRP formulation, thereby relaxing the restrictive far-field and omnidirectional assumptions. We further design a generalized cost function tailored for spatially correlated noise, jointly exploiting both time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) and level-difference-of-arrival (LDOA) cues. Additionally, we introduce delay-and-sum optimization and frequency-domain weighting to enhance robustness. Experiments across diverse microphone array geometries and high-noise environments demonstrate superior performance: the proposed method achieves over 60% reduction in average localization error compared to conventional SRP.