HitoMi-Cam: A Shape-Agnostic Person Detection Method Using the Spectral Characteristics of Clothing
Conventional CNN-based person detection methods suffer significant performance degradation under pose variations or severe occlusion due to their inherent reliance on human shape priors. To address this limitation, we propose HitoMi-Cam—a lightweight, spectral reflectance–driven person detection method leveraging clothing’s intrinsic spectral signature rather than geometric shape. HitoMi-Cam pioneers shape-agnostic detection via spectral features and is the first such approach deployed and validated on real embedded hardware. By tightly integrating spectral imaging with edge-computing architecture, it achieves real-time inference at 23.2 fps on GPU-free, resource-constrained devices, with a mean average precision of 93.5%, outperforming state-of-the-art CNN baselines by up to 53.8 percentage points. Extensive experiments in simulated disaster search-and-rescue scenarios demonstrate its low false-positive rate and exceptional robustness to occlusion and pose variation. HitoMi-Cam thus serves as a complementary, reliable alternative to conventional vision-based detection systems in challenging operational environments.