Chi-MERA: Defending Orbit-Based Authentication of LEO Satellites with the Space Oddity of MLAT (Long Version)
This work addresses the vulnerability of physical-layer authentication in low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite systems to coordinated multi-device spoofing attacks, which can induce false alarm rates as high as 40%. To counter this threat, the authors propose Chi-MERA, a novel scheme that integrates multilateration (MLAT) residual analysis with a resilient signature mechanism that eliminates the need for a single trusted reference receiver. By leveraging orbital dynamics to distinguish between genuine satellites and terrestrial spoofers, Chi-MERA significantly enhances authentication robustness. In a network of n receivers, the method tolerates up to n/2 compromised devices while achieving a false alarm rate below 2% and a miss rate of approximately 3%; under extreme conditions, the false alarm rate further drops below 1%.