Why Keep Your Doubts to Yourself? Trading Visual Uncertainties in Multi-Agent Bandit Systems
This work addresses the high coordination costs and low efficiency commonly encountered by multi-agent vision systems under information asymmetry, problems exacerbated by existing approaches that overlook the structural nature of uncertainty and lack economic sustainability. To this end, we propose Agora, a novel framework that formalizes epistemic uncertainty as a tradable asset and establishes a decentralized uncertainty market, wherein agents are incentivized through economic mechanisms to exchange uncertainty at the levels of perception, semantics, and reasoning. Agora integrates vision-language models with multi-armed bandits and Thompson Sampling to devise market-aware brokerage strategies. Experiments demonstrate that Agora significantly outperforms current methods across five multimodal benchmarks, achieving an 8.5% accuracy gain on MMMU while reducing coordination costs by more than threefold.