Leveraging Minute-by-Minute Soccer Match Event Data to Adjust Team's Offensive Production for Game Context
Football offensive statistics are confounded by match context—such as goal difference, red cards, home/away status, and pre-match win probability—leading to biased performance assessments. To address this, we develop a generalized additive model (GAM) with count-valued responses, trained on minute-level event data from 15 seasons across Europe’s top five leagues. The model systematically incorporates nonlinear effects and interactions among contextual covariates, enabling context-aware calibration of offensive metrics (e.g., shots, corners). We propose a novel “context-standardized offensive performance adjustment” framework that maps raw statistics onto a common baseline, thereby enhancing fairness and cross-match/cross-team comparability. This approach effectively disentangles outcome-driven bias and delivers an interpretable, reproducible statistical framework for objective offensive performance evaluation.