VAMAE: Vessel-Aware Masked Autoencoders for OCT Angiography
This work addresses the challenge of self-supervised representation learning in OCTA images, where sparse vasculature and strong topological constraints hinder effective feature learning. To this end, the authors propose a vessel-aware masked autoencoder framework that integrates vessel saliency with skeleton priors to devise an anatomy-guided, non-uniform masking strategy. By jointly optimizing multi-objective reconstruction tasks, the method simultaneously preserves vascular appearance, structural continuity, and topological fidelity, thereby enabling geometry-aware learning of vessel connectivity and branching patterns. Experiments on the OCTA-500 benchmark demonstrate that the proposed approach significantly outperforms standard masked autoencoders, with particularly notable gains in label-scarce settings.