Neuro-Bayesian-Symbolic Residual Attention Shallow Network: Explainable Deep Learning for Cybersecurity Risk Assessment
This study addresses the need for trustworthy cybersecurity assessment in high-risk scenarios within open-source ecosystems by proposing a shallow, interpretable hybrid architecture that integrates neural networks, Bayesian inference, and symbolic logic. The approach embeds domain knowledge and causal reasoning through differentiable components, augmented with a residual attention mechanism and expert-defined risk amplifiers—such as blast radius and propagation velocity—to emulate deep reasoning while preserving structural transparency. Innovatively, five epistemic axioms—precision, causality, falsifiability, transparency, and completeness—are hard-constrained into the gating mechanism to guarantee intrinsic interpretability. Evaluated on 20 open-source projects covering all OWASP Top 10:2025 categories and multilingual vulnerabilities, the model achieves confidence scores of 0.79–0.97 and outperforms conventional black-box models in accuracy.