HOMEY: Heuristic Object Masking with Enhanced YOLO for Property Insurance Risk Detection
This study addresses the need for automated property risk identification in insurance underwriting by proposing a YOLO-based object detection method capable of efficiently recognizing 17 categories of structural damage, maintenance deficiencies, and safety hazards. The approach introduces a heuristic object masking mechanism to enhance detection of weak-signal targets and incorporates a risk-aware weighted loss function to mitigate challenges arising from class imbalance and varying risk severities. Experimental results on real-world property images demonstrate that the proposed method significantly outperforms baseline models in detection accuracy and reliability while preserving YOLO’s computational efficiency, thereby offering a cost-effective and interpretable solution for property risk assessment in insurance applications.